Ghana

Extensive List of Languages of Ghana: Spoken and Extinct Languages

:: List of Languages ::

Abron [abr] 1,050,000 in Ghana. Population total all countries: 1,182,000. Southwest, northwest of Asante Twi [aka]. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names: Bron, Brong, Doma, Gyaman. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

Adamorobe Sign Language [ads] 3,400 including hearing people (2003). East region, Adamorobe village. Classification: Deaf sign language

Adangbe [adq] 200 in Ghana (2006). Population total all countries: 2,200. Togo border area east of Ho. Agotime mostly in Volta region, Kpoeta, Apegame. Also in Togo. Alternate names: Adan, Adantonwi, Agotime, Dangbe. Dialects: Similar to Igo [ahl]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Adele [ade] 11,000 in Ghana (2003). East central border with Togo. Upper Adele in Togo; Lower Adele in Ghana. Alternate names: Bidire. Dialects: Upper Adele, Lower Adele. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Basila-Adele

Ahanta [aha] 142,000 (2003). Southwest coast. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Akan [aka] 8,300,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL). Population includes 2,800,000 Asante Twi, 1,900,000 Fante, 555,000 Akuapem Twi (2004). Asante are south central, Ashanti Province; Akuapem are southeast, north of Accra; Fante are south central, between Winneba, Takoradi, and Obuasi.Dialects: Agona, Anomabo Fanti, Abura Fanti, Gomua; Ahafo, Akuapem (Akwapem Twi, Akuapim, Akwapi, Twi), Akyem (Akyem Bosome), Asante (Ashante Twi, Asanti, Achanti), Asen, Dankyira, Fante (Fanti, Mfantse), Kwawu (Kwahu). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

Akposo [kpo] 7,500 in Ghana (2003). South. Alternate names: Akposso, Ikposo, Kposo. Dialects: Amou Oblou, Ikponu, Iwi (Uwi), Litime (Badou), Logbo, Uma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Animere [anf] 700 (2003). East central, Kecheibi and Kunda villages, remote. Alternate names: Anyimere, Kunda. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kebu-Animere

Anufo [cko] 66,000 in Ghana (2003). Population total all countries: 137,600. Northeast, Wawjayga area. Also in Benin, Togo. Alternate names: Chakosi, Chokosi, Kyokosi, Tchokossi, Tiokossi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Anyin [any] 250,000 in Ghana (2003). Between Abron north and Nzema south, Côte d’Ivoire west, Twi east. Aowin dialect in Ghana. Alternate names: Agni, Anyi. Dialects: Aowin (Brissa, Brosa). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Avatime [avn] 24,000 (2003). Southeast, center at Amedzofe (Amajofe). Alternate names: Afatime, Si-ya, Sia, Sideme. Dialects: Similar to Nyangbo [nyb], Tafi [tcd]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Awutu [afu] 180,000 (2003). Coast, west of Accra. Dialects: Awutu, Efutu, Senya. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Bimoba [bim] 120,000 (2004 SIL). Ethnic population: 200,000. Northeast, Gambaga District, south of Kusaasi, north of Konkomba. Alternate names: Moar, Moor. Dialects: Related to Moba [mfq] of Togo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Moba

Birifor, Southern [biv] 125,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Population total all countries: 129,310. Northwest corner. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names: Birifo, Ghana Birifor. Dialects: A separate language from Wali [wlx], Southern Dagaari [dga], Malba-Birifor [bfo] of Burkina Faso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Birifor

Bissa [bib] 166,000 in Ghana (2003). Northeast. Alternate names: Bisa. Dialects: Lebir (Western Bisa), Baraka (Eastern Bisa). Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Bissa

Buli [bwu] 150,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Sandema District. Alternate names: Bulisa, Guresha, Kanjaga. Dialects: Most similar to Konni [kma]. Lexical similarity: 77% with Mampruli [maw]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma

Chakali [cli] 6,000 (2003 GILLBT). East of Wa; Ducie village largest. Dialects: Lexical similarity: is 62% with Tampulma [tpm], 68% with Vagla [vag]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Chala [cll] 3,000 (2003 GILLBT). Volta region, Nkwanta, Odomi, Ago villages; Northern region, Jadigbe village near Seipe, south of Ekumdipe is 35% Chala. Alternate names: Cala, Tshala. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Cherepon [cpn] 111,000 (2003). A pocket between Ga [gaa] and Twi areas, north of Larteh. Alternate names: Chiripon, Chiripong, Kyerepong, Okere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Chumburung [ncu] 69,000 (2004 SIL), increasing. 2,700 Yeji. A triangular area with Volta Lake south, Daka River northwest. Yeji is south of the lake. Alternate names: Kyongborong, Nchimburu, Nchummuru. Dialects: Northern Chumburung (Banda), Southern Chumburung (Lonto, Gurubi, Chinderi, Bejamse, Borae), Yeji (Yedji). Somewhat intelligible with Krache [kye]. Lexical similarity: 77% with the Yeji dialect, 79% with Kplang [kph], 78% with Krache, 69% with Dwang [nnu], 67% with Nawuri [naw] and Gikyode [acd], 60% with Gonja [gjn]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Dagaare, Southern [dga] 700,000 (2003), increasing. 1,000,000 including Northern Dagara in Burkina Faso (2003). Northwest corner, west Upper West region. Alternate names: Dagaare, Dagara, Dagari, Dagati, Degati, Dogaari, Southern Dagari. Dialects: Southern Dagaare and Southern Birifor [biv] are partially intelligible. Distinct from Northern Dagara [dgi] in Burkina Faso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest, Dagaari-Birifor, Dagaari

Dagbani [dag] 800,000 (2004 SIL), increasing. Northeast Tamale area, as far as Yendi. Alternate names:Dagbamba, Dagbane, Dagomba. Dialects: Nanuni (Nanumba). Lexical similarity: 95% with Mampruli [maw], 90% with Farefare [gur], 89% with Kusaal [kus]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Dangme [ada] 800,000 (2004 SIL). Southeast, coast east of Accra and inland. Alternate names:Adangme. Dialects: Ada, Ningo, Osu, Shai, Gbugbla, Krobo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme

Deg [mzw] 26,400 in Ghana (2003). Population total all countries: 27,500. West central, west of Volta Lake. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names: Aculo, Buru, Degha, Janela, Mmfo, Mo. Dialects:Longoro, Mangum, Boe. Lexical similarity: 78% with Vagla [vag]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Delo [ntr] 10,900 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Population total all countries: 16,300. East central border with Togo. The paramount chief is at Brewaniase, 35 km south of Nkwanta. Also in Togo.Alternate names: Ntribou, Ntribu, Ntrubo. Dialects: Reclassified from Kwa to Gur family. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Dompo [doy] 65 (Blench 1999), decreasing. Ethnic population: 965 (2000 WCD). Brong-Ahafo region, Banda quarter called Dompofie. Alternate names: Dumpo, Ndmpo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Dwang [nnu] 8,200 (2003 GILLBT). 1,600 Bekye, 3,300 Kenyen, 3,300 Wiase. South of Volta Lake and the Chumburung, east of Atebubu. Alternate names: Dwan, Nchumunu. Dialects: Bekye, Kenyen, Wiase. Most similar to Kplang [kph]. 75% comprehension of Chumburung [ncu]. Krache [kye] is understood well because of contact. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

English [eng] Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Éwé [ewe] 2,250,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Population total all countries: 3,112,000. Southeast corner. Also in Togo. Alternate names: Ebwe, Efe, Eibe, Eue, Eve, Gbe, Krepe, Krepi, Popo, Vhe. Dialects: Anglo (Anlo), Awuna, Hudu, Kotafoa. Westernmost language of the Gbe language subgroup. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe

Farefare [gur] 820,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Up to 656,000 in Upper East region, and at least 164,000 in various towns and cities in other regions (2003). Population total all countries: 845,100. Northeast, Upper East region, Bolgatanga area, Frafra District, as far west as Navrongo. Also in Burkina Faso. Alternate names: Frafra, Gurenne, Gurune, Nankani, Ninkare. Dialects:Gurune (Gudenne, Gurenne, Gudeni, Zuadeni), Nankani (Naani, Nankanse), Booni, Talni (Talensi, Talene), Nabt (Nabit, Nabde, Nabte, Nabdam, Nabdug, Nabrug, Nabnam, Namnam). 5 major dialects and many minor ones. Dialects are divided according to geography and ethnic sub-boundaries. Some named after towns or localities. Consider Southern Dagaare [dga] in particular a sister language. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Fulfulde, Maasina [ffm] 7,300 in Ghana (1991). North, in small groups. Alternate names: Fulbe, Maacina, Peul. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fulani-Wolof, Fula, West Central

Ga [gaa] 600,000 (2004 SIL). Southeast, Accra coast area. Alternate names: Accra, Acra, Amina, Gain. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Ga-Dangme

Ghanaian Sign Language [gse] Dialects: Related to American [ase] and Nigerian [nsi] sign languages. Brought in 1957 by missionary Andrew Foster. Differs from American Sign Language in lexicon. New and local signs, and some modified from ASL. Classification: Deaf sign language

Gikyode [acd] 10,400 (2003), increasing. East central, on Togo border. 9 remote villages. Alternate names:Chode, Kyode. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 75% with Ginyanga [ayg] of Togo. Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Gonja [gjn] 230,000 (2004 SIL), increasing. Northern region, south; west central, upper branches of Volta Lake area; Black Volta River to White Volta area, both sides. Dialects: Gonja, Choruba (Choroba). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Gua [gwx] 60,200 (2003). A pocket in Éwé [ewe] area. Alternate names: Anum-Boso, Gwa. Dialects:Anu (Anum), Boso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Hanga [hag] 6,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. 4,100 in the traditional area, 2,700 elsewhere. North central, southeast of Mole game reserve, Damongo District. Murugu is biggest village. Alternate names: Anga. Dialects: Northern Hanga, Southern Hanga. Kamara [jmr] is a separate language. Subdialects of Southern Hanga are Langantere, Murugu, Damongo; subdialects of Northern Hanga are Yazori and Bowena. Lexical similarity: 84% with Southern Dagaare [dga] and Farefare [gur]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Hausa [hau] Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1

Jwira-Pepesa [jwi] 18,000 (2003 GILLBT). Southwest corner; Jwira north of Axim from Bamiankaw to Humjibere along Ankobra River (18 villages); Pepesa on Wasa land between Agona Junction and Tarkwa. Dompim is main town. A mountain range separates the 2 groups. Alternate names: Pepesa-Jwira. Dialects: Jwira, Pepesa. 60% intelligibility with Nzema [nzi]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Kabiyé [kbp] North. Alternate names: Cabrai, Cabrais, Kabire, Kabure, Kabye. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Kamara [jmr] 3,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Ethnic population: 5,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Middle Northern region, edge of Hanga [hag] area, on road west of Damongo, Larabanga village. Safaliba [saf] sources report another small village 30 km south of Bole. Dialects: Significantly different linguistically and culturally from Hanga [hag]. More similar to Dagbani [dag] than to Hanga (1997 G. Hunt). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Kantosi [xkt] 2,300 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). 280 to 400 in Sandema District, probably about 280 in Kpaliwongo. North central, Sandema District, among Bulsa (Buli [bwu]); Navrongo, Bolgatonga, Nalerigu, and Kpaliwogo, near Wa. Also in Burkina Faso. Alternate names: Dagaare-Dioula, Kantonsi, Yare, Yarsi. Dialects: Similar to Kamara [jmr], Farefare [gur], Dagbani [dag]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Kasem [xsm] 130,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL), increasing. North central, Navrongo District. Alternate names:Kasena, Kassena, Kassene. Dialects: Nunuma, Lela, Kasem, Fere. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Northern

Konkomba [xon] 500,000 in Ghana (2003), increasing. Population total all countries: 550,100. Northeast border area, Guerin, Yendi District; north central, many scattered groups. Also in Togo. Alternate names: Kom Komba, Kpankpam. Dialects: Lichabool-Nalong, Limonkpel, Linafiel, Likoonli (Likonl, Liquan), Ligbeln. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma

Konni [kma] 3,800 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Southeast of the Sisaala and west of the Mamprusi. Remote, isolated, no roads. 5 villages, Yikpabongo the main one, Nangurima another. Alternate names: Koma, Komung, Koni. Dialects: Related to Mampruli [maw], Hanga [hag], Buli [bwu]. Lexical similarity: 60% with Buli. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Buli-Koma

Kplang [kph] 1,600 (2003 GILLBT). South of Volta Lake, south of Yeji (Chumburung). Alternate names:Prang. Dialects: 73% intelligibility with Chumburung [ncu]. 96% comprehension of the Yeji dialect of Chumburung due to proximity. Lexical similarity: 92% with the Yeji, 79% with Chumburung. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Krache [kye] 58,000 (2004 SIL), increasing. Central, near Nchimburu, Kete Krachi area. Alternate names:Krachi, Krakye. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Kulango, Bondoukou [kzc] 27,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). West central, west of Wenchi. Alternate names: Bonduku, Kolango, Koulango, Kulange, Kulango, Nkuraeng, Nkurange. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango

Kulango, Bouna [nku] 15,500 in Ghana (1991). West central border area. Alternate names: Bouna Koulango, Buna Kulango, Nkuraeng. Dialects: Sekwa, Nabanj. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Kulango

Kusaal [kus] 420,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL), increasing. 350,000 Angole, 70,000 Toende. Population total all countries: 437,000. Northeast corner, Bawku District. Also in Burkina Faso. Alternate names:Kusale, Kusasi. Dialects: Angole (Eastern Kusaal), Toende (Western Kusaal). Further investigation of the Toende dialect in Burkina Faso is needed. Possible marginal intelligibility with Eastern (Angole) Kusaal. Many claim to be able to understand the related languages: Mòoré [mos], Dagbani [dag], Mampruli [maw], Farefare [gur]. Kusaal is a member of the Mòoré-Dagbani subgroup. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast, Kusaal

Lama [las] Several hundred or perhaps thousands in Ghana (1996). 100 km south of Bassar, to Yendi, as far as Tamale, and southeast of Tamale. Alternate names: Lamba, Losso. Dialects: Kadjala (Kadjalla). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Larteh [lar] 74,000 (2003 GILLBT). A pocket in Ga [gaa] and Twi areas, south of Cherepon. Alternate names: Gua, Late, Lete. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, South Guang

Lelemi [lef] 48,900 (2003), increasing. Southeast, Jasikan town. Alternate names: Buem, Lafana, Lefana. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu

Ligbi [lig] 15,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT). Population total all countries: 19,000. Numasa, northwest Brong-Ahafo; east of Sampa and northwest of Wenchi. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names:Banda, Dzowo, Jogo, Ligwi, Namasa, Nigbi, Nigwi, Tsie, Tuba, Weela, Weila, Wiila. Dialects:Bungase, Gyogo, Hwela (Weila, Wiila, Weela, Vwela), Dwera (Manji-Kasa), Atumfuor (Atumfuor-Kasa), Ntoleh. Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Jogo-Jeri, Jogo

Logba [lgq] 7,500 (2003). Southeast. Alternate names: Ikpana. Dialects: A population sample averaged 87% comprehension of Éwé [ewe] mixed discourse types. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Logba

Mampruli [maw] 220,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL), increasing. Northeast Northern region, east and west of Gambaga. Also in Togo. Alternate names: Mamprule, Manpelle, Ngmamperli. Dialects: Eastern Mampruli, Western Mampruli. 50% intelligibility with Dagbani [dag]. Lexical similarity: 95% with Dagbani, 90% with Farefare [gur]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Southeast

Nafaanra [nfr] 61,000 in Ghana (2003 GILLBT), increasing. West border, east of Bondoukou. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names: Banda, Dzama, Gambo, Nafaara, Nafana, Pantera-Fantera. Dialects:Pantera, Fantera. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Senufo, Nafaanra

Nawdm [nmz] Accra, Ho, Kpandu, and Volta region. Alternate names: Naoudem, Naudm, Nawdam. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Yom-Nawdm

Nawuri [naw] 14,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. East central, Lake Volta, mostly Oti River west bank branch. Dialects: Most inherent intelligibility with Gikyode [acd]. Highest lexical similarity 72% with the Buipe dialect of Gonja [gjn]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Nchumbulu [nlu] 1,800 (2003 SIL). West of Volta Lake near Kplang. 3 villages. Dialects: Similar to Chumburung [ncu], Dwang [nnu]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Nkonya [nko] 28,000 (2004 SIL). Southeast, northwest of Éwé [ewe]. Some among Gua [gwx].Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Guang, North Guang

Ntcham [bud] 57,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL). Alternate names: Basar, Basare, Basari, Bassar, Bassari, Ncham, Tobote. Dialects: Bitaapul. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma, Ntcham

Nyangbo [nyb] 6,400 (2003). Southeast. Alternate names: Tutrugbu. Dialects: People who have had no contact with Tafi [tcd] had 67% intelligibility of it on tests; people 30 to 50 years old had nearly perfect comprehension. There are reportedly only phonological differences. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Nzema [nzi] 262,000 in Ghana (2004 SIL). Population total all countries: 328,700. Southwest corner. Also in Côte d’Ivoire. Alternate names: Appolo, Nzima. Dialects: Evalue. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Southern

Paasaal [sig] 36,000 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. Upper West region, south of Tumu, 105 km east of Wa. About 18 villages. Alternate names: Funsile, Pasaale, Pasaale Sisaala, Southern Sisaala. Dialects: Gilbagala, Pasaali. The Gilbagala more similar to Paasaal than to Tumulung Sisaala [sil]. The dialect in Funsi Kundogo is predominant among the Paasaal villages. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Safaliba [saf] 4,000 (2003), increasing. West Northern region, west and south of Bole, Mandari, Tanyire, Manfuli, and Gbenfu, villages; settlements in nearby towns of Bote, Sawla, Kalba. Alternate names: Safalaba, Safalba, Safali. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 79% with Southern Dagaari [dga]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Sehwi [sfw] 250,000 (2003). Southwest. Alternate names: Asahyue, Sefwi. Dialects: Similar to Anyin [any] of Côte d’Ivoire. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Bia, Northern

Sekpele [lip] 23,400 (2003). Southeast, north of Hohoe. Alternate names: Bosele, Likpe, Mu. Dialects:Sekwa, Sekpele. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi

Selee [snw] 11,300 (2003 GILLBT). Southeast, Benua, Bume, Gbodome villages. Alternate names:Santrokofi, Sele, Sentrokofi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Likpe-Santrokofi

Sisaala, Tumulung [sil] 105,000 (2003 GILLBT). North central, Tumu District. Alternate names: Hissala, Isaalung, Issala, Sisai, Sisala Tumu. Dialects: Isala, Gil Bagale (Galebagla), Nsihaa, Potule. Classification:Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Sisaala, Western [ssl] 30,000 (2003 GILLBT). North central, Lambusie area. Alternate names: Busillu Sisala, Hissala, Issala, Sisai. Dialects: Similar to Sissala [sld] of Burkina Faso. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Siwu [akp] 27,000 (2003). Southeast, north of Hohoé. Alternate names: Akpafu-Lolobi, Lolobi-Akpafu, Siwusi. Dialects: Akpafu, Lolobi. Lolobi and Akpafu dialects are inherently intelligible, but have been politically separate since the 1800s. A population sample averaged 66% comprehension of Éwé [ewe] mixed discourse types. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Lelemi, Lelemi-Akpafu

Tafi [tcd] 4,400 (2003). East central, near Togo border. Alternate names: Tegbo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Avatime-Nyangbo

Tampulma [tpm] 16,000 (2003). North central, south of Sisaala, Damongo District. 25 villages. Alternate names: Tampele, Tamplima, Tampole, Tampolem, Tampolense, Tamprusi. Dialects: 2 inherently intelligible dialects. Lexical similarity: 62% with Chakali [cli]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Tem [kdh] 53,000 in Ghana. Accra mostly. Alternate names: Cotocoli, Kotokoli, Temba, Tim, Timu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Eastern

Tuwuli [bov] 11,400 (2003 GILLBT). Volta region, Volta Lake east to Amanfro on Hohoe-Jasikan road.Alternate names: Bawuli, Bowili, Bowiri, Liwuli, Siwuri, Tuwili. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Kposo-Ahlo-Bowili

Vagla [vag] 13,500 (2003 GILLBT), increasing. West central, Northern Province, Damongo District, near Sawla. Alternate names: Kira, Konosarola, Paxala, Sitigo, Vagala. Dialects: Bole, Buge. Lexical similarity: 68% with Chakali [cli]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Southern, Grusi, Western

Wali [wlx] 138,000 (2003). Northwest corner. Alternate names: Ala, Ouala, Waali, Wala. Dialects:Fufula, Yeri Waali, Cherii, ’Bulengee, ’Dolimi. Distinct from Southern Birifor [biv] and Southern Dagaari [dga]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Western, Northwest

Wasa [wss] 309,000 (2003). Southwest. Alternate names: Wasaw, Wassa. Dialects: Amenfi, Fianse. Some intelligibility with Abron [abr]. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Nyo, Potou-Tano, Tano, Central, Akan

:: Reference ::
Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/